黑龙江省水稻产业现状分析及未来发展思路

对黑龙江省水稻产业发展现状进行了小结,并针对黑龙江省水稻生产过程中存在问题提出了相应的对策。具体对策如下:有针对性的选育适于不同生态区域的优质、抗逆水稻新品种,并对新品种的轻简高效配套栽培技术进行研究;适时开展水稻直播关键技术集成与应用,及开展秸秆还田技术研究;开展稻米精加工技术研究。     

中国奶业全产业链绿色发展指标的时空变化特征

奶业是关乎国民健康和食品安全的战略性农业产业,本文从社会发展、经济效益、产品生产、资源投入和生态环境5个方面选取28项指标,发展和完善了中国奶业全产业链绿色发展指标体系和分级标准。基于该指标体系,利用NUFER-animal模型,定量分析了1990—2017年中国奶业绿色发展指标的时空分布特征,剖析了产业绿色发展的限制因素,阐明了优化途径。结果表明:中国人均奶制品消费量稳步提高,从2.0kg?cap.?1?a?1增加到12.5kg?cap.?1?a?1;奶牛单产水平不断提高,从2.4t?head?1?a?1增加到7.0t?head?1?a?1,种养系统氮素利用效率由8.4%提升至14.4%;单位牛奶的资源投入和环境代价均呈下降趋势,生产单位牛奶的蓝水足迹由0.5 m3?kg?1降低到0.2 m3·kg?1,耕地资源投入量由18.5 m2?kg?1降低到3.3 m2?kg?1;养殖系统氨挥发量指标由21.9 g(N)?kg?1降低到7.0 g(N)?kg?1,但仍远远高于欧美国家水平;牛奶生产和加工成本逐年增加,利润却低于欧美等先进国家的水平。空间特征分析表明:农牧交错带和东部沿海地区产品生产、资源投入和生态环境绿色发展水平相对较高,北方地区牛奶及奶制品的生产、消费水平均高于南方地区。发展种养一体化产业链融合绿色发展技术与模式、构建产销一体化产业链融合绿色发展利益共享机制和形成全产业链质量追踪服务体系与国民消费信任机制是促进中国奶业振兴和绿色发展的有效途径。     

2000年来中国水产养殖发展趋势和方向

中国是世界最大的水产养殖国家，为全球粮食安全和营养供应做出了重要贡献。在新的社会发展阶段，中国水产养殖需要解决与粮食安全、减贫和提供就业、食品安全和环境保护等相关的复杂且敏感的问题，以期达到更加可持续地发展。本文系统综述了2000年来中国水产养殖发展趋势、存在问题和发展方向。中国水产养殖业自2000年以来获得了持续的发展，集约化水平不断提高，新增的特种养殖品种使得产业多样化水平增加，一些传统的养殖模式逐渐消失，而新的养殖技术和模式不断涌现。中国水产养殖的变化和发展响应了社会发展对水产养殖业的需求。然而中国水产养殖目前仍面临诸如生态环境、科技水平、产品供应结构、小农生产和政策风险等亟待解决的问题。随着中国社会发展和经济水平不断进步，发展水产养殖的主要侧重点也逐渐从提供食物到提供就业和发展经济，再到环境保护和食品安全。中国水产养殖业需要充分利用最新的设施装备技术、信息技术、遗传育种技术、营养饲料和病害防治技术促进水产养殖业发展，努力提高水产养殖业规模化和组织化，促进渔业“一、二、三产”协同发展，并在新形势下逐渐走向国际化和可持续发展的道路。     

Effect of three insect-resistant maizes expressing Cry1Ie,Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and Cry1Ab on the growth and development of armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker)

Three transgenic maize events(IE09 S034, Shuangkang 12–5 and C0030.3.5) produced Cry1 Ie, Cry1 Ab/Cry2 Aj and G10-EPSPS, Cry1 Ab and EPSPS, respectively, all of which target the Asian corn borer. The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker) is the secondary target. In this study, the effects of the three Bt maizes on the development and survival of armyworm were studied. The results showed that IE09 S034 had insecticidal activity against 1 st instar larvae, and the survival rate of armyworm fed with Bt maize for 10 days was 46.2%, significantly lower than that of the control. The larvae at 3 rd–6 th instar were more tolerant of the Bt toxin than the early instar larvae. However, Shuangkang 12-5 had good insecticidal activity against 1 st–5 th instar larvae. The mortality was nearly 100% when the larvae were fed with Shuangkang 12-5 before 3 rd instar, and the toxin had quick-acting efficacy. This event significantly inhibited the development of armyworm; that is, the larval duration of the 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae fed with Shuangkang 12-5 was prolonged by 4.5 and 3.0 days, respectively. The pupal weight and egg number were also significantly lower than those of the control. For C0030.3.5, it could control 1 st–5 th instar larvae effectively. The mortality rates were all over 50% if 1 st–3 rd larvae were fed with this event. The pupal weight of 4 th–6 th instar larvae fed with Bt maize were only 53.9, 56.8 and 54.6%, respectively, compared to that of the control. The number of eggs laid was significantly less than the control. The results indicate that all three transgenic maize events exhibit the potential to provide effective control of early instar larvae of armyworm, which can be commercialized in future to control lepidoptera pests such as Asian corn borer and armyworm.     

杧果PEPC基因家族全基因组鉴定及表达分析

PEPC家族蛋白在植物光合碳同化过程中起到重要作用，同时具有多种非光合生物学功能，目前杧果中尚未报道。本研究对杧果MiPEPCs进行了全基因组鉴定，并分析了它们在不同组织（包括成熟叶片、成熟树皮、种子、根、花、果肉和果皮）和两个品种（高糖品种‘台农1号’和低糖品种‘热农1号’）中的表达情况。结果获得4个杧果MiPEPC基因家族成员，其理化特征较为相似，且所有MiPEPCs蛋白亚细胞定位预测均存在与细胞质中。基因组定位发现杧果MiPEPCs分布于4条不同的染色体。联合拟南芥，水稻，菠萝的PEPCs进行系统进化分析显示可分为2个亚组，MiPEPCs分布在第I（PTPC）和II亚族（BTPC）。杧果植物型MiPEPCs和细菌型MiPEPCs分离时间早于单子叶植物和双子叶植物的分离时间，两者蛋白序列差异大，但仍具有一定的保守性。顺式作用元件分析显示，MiPEPCs含有数量较多的光响应元件和激素响应元件。转录组表达分析结合qPCR实验验证发现，MiPEPCs在不同杧果组织中的表达具有偏好性，可能参与杧果的多个生物学过程（包含光合和非光合过程），并初步推测MiPEPC1、MiPEPC3可能与杧果果实成熟过程。本研究为进一步探究MiPEPC家族在杧果中的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

Effect of dietary calcium or phosphorus deficiency on bone development and related calcium or phosphorus metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) deficiency on bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age based on our previous study, which indicated that dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development by regulating related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 504 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with 7 replicates in a completely randomized design, and fed the normal control and Ca- or P-deficient diets from 1 to 21 days of age. At 22 days of age, the broilers were further fed the normal control diet (0.90% Ca+0.35% non-phytate P (NPP)), the P-deficient diet (0.90% Ca+0.18% NPP), the Ca-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.35% NPP) or the Ca and P-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.18% NPP), respectively. The results showed that dietary Ca or P deficiency decreased (P<0.05) tibia bone mineral density (BMD), bone breaking strength (BBS), ash content, tibia ash Ca content and serum P content on days 28 and 42, but increased (P<0.05) tibia alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of broilers on day 42 compared with the control group. Furthermore, the broilers fed the P-deficient diet had the lowest (P<0.05) tibia BMD, BBS, ash content, serum P content and the highest (P<0.05) serum Ca content on day 28 compared with those fed the Ca-deficient or Ca and P-deficient diets. The results from the present study indicated that the bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers were the most sensitive to dietary P deficiency, followed by dietary Ca deficiency or Ca and P-deficiency; dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development possibly by regulating serum Ca and P contents as well as tibia Ca content and ALP activity of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age.     

福建省高素质农民发展跟踪分析

为反映福建省高素质农民的发展状况,探索高素质农民培育的更有效途径,采用比较分析方法,跟踪调查2015—2018年福建省高素质农民的总量、性别比例、年龄结构、文化程度等数据,并以此为基础,重点分析农业新型经营主体家庭农场经营者、农民合作社负责人等群体的发展情况,同时比较研究福建省高素质农民重点群体之间的发展特点。从文化程度、培育供求、产学矛盾、政策扶持等方面深入剖析当前高素质农民发展的制约因素,从加快推进福建省高素质农民培育工作、构建高素质农民终身学习体系、探索培育新型农业经营模式、推进线上线下融合培育、创设高素质农民扶持政策等方面提出相应的对策建议。     

北京市昌平区统筹城乡区域发展研究

北京市昌平区通过大力实施乡村振兴战略,深入推进城乡区域协调发展,在城乡基本公共服务发展、产业发展、乡村治理、人才队伍建设等方面取得了一定进展.但同时也存在产业发展缓慢、人才力量不足等问题,为此,提出推动城乡基本公共服务均衡发展,多措并举加快乡村产业发展,创新和完善乡村治理机制,促进实用人才培养等四个方面的建议.     

榆林市林业发展与生态文明建设的几点思考

指出了林业作为生态文明建设的主体,是一项重要的公益事业和基础产业,在实现人与自然和谐发展的历史进程中,负有重大的使命和光荣的任务。林业发展在我国经济发展中占据重要地位,其对生态环境的积极影响得到了社会的广泛关注。在生态文明建设的大背景下,针对榆林市林业发展的现状,从生态效益、经济效益和社会效益3个方面提出了几点建议和思考。以供参考。     

Cuticular protein gene LmACP8 is involved in wing morphogenesis in the migratory locust,Locusta migratoria

Cuticular proteins(CPs) are major components of the insect cuticle-associated organs such as integument and wings, although the importance of CPs for wing development and function in hemimetabolous insects remains understudied. In the present study, a wing cuticular protein LmACP8 was identified from Locusta migratoria, which belongs to the RR-2 subfamily of cuticular protein RR consensus(CPR) chitin-binding proteins. LmACP8 was mainly expressed in the wing pads and showed high expression levels before ecdysis of third-, fourth-, and fifth-instar nymphs, with its encoded protein located in the procuticle of wing pads and adult wings. Depletion of LmACP8 by RNA interference markedly reduced the amount of its protein, which consequently caused abnormal wing morphogenesis in the transition from nymph to adult of L. migratoria. We further demonstrated that the abnormal morphogenesis was caused by severe damage of the endocuticle in the wings. LmACP8 was suppressed by 20-hydroxyecdysone(20 E) in vivo, however, its expression was significantly up-regulated after knocking down the hormone receptor gene LmHR39. Thus, the LmACP8 that is negatively regulated by the LmHR39-mediated 20 E signaling pathway is involved in wing development during the nymph to adult transition.